Adjustable Brass Guitar Nut
April 5th, 2011 | 
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Stringed instrument – XDECTM ECU – HUS-1000 test bench
Types of instruments
Construction
Stringed instruments can be divided into three Groups.
Lutes – Instruments in which the strings are supported by a neck and a fight ("Pumpkin"), for example, a guitar, a Violin, a saz.
Harps – Instruments in which the strings are contained in a frame.
Zither – with the strings instruments mounted on a body; like a Guqin, a cimbalom, or autoharp.
It is also possible to divide the instruments into groups, such as playing the instrument focused.
Type of performance techniques
The double bass is either plucked (pizzicato) or deleted (arco) according to the genre and piece.
For a complete list, See List of string instruments.
All string instruments produce sound from one or more vibrating strings transferred to the air through the body of the instrument (Or from a pickup in the case of electronically amplified instruments). They are categorized by the technique most often used to make the strings vibrate (or by the primary Method, in the case of financial instruments, where they are more than one.) Are the three most commonly used techniques plucking, bowing and striking.
Pluck
Main article: plucked
Plucking is the only method of playing on instruments such as used the banjo, guitar, harp, lute, mandolin, oud, sitar, and either with a finger or thumb, or by some type of pick. This category includes the keyboard instrument the harpsichord, which formerly used feather quills (now plastic Picks) to pluck the strings.
Instruments which are normally played by bow (see below) may also need to be plucked, a technique referred to by the Italian Term pizzicato.
Bowing
Bowing (Italian: Arco) is a method in some stringed instruments are used including the fiddle, Viola, cello, and less frequently, double bass (of the violin family) and the old viol family. The sheet consists of a staff with many hairs stretched between its ends. Bend of the instrument string causes a stick-slip phenomenon occurs, which vibrate the string.
Ancestors of the strings are the rebab the Islamic Empires, the Persian and Byzantine Kamanche lira. Other stringed instruments include fiddle, Hardingfele, nyckelharpa, Koky, erhu, igil and sarangi. The hurdy gurdy is bowed by a Rad
Striking
The third common method of sound production in stringed instruments is to beat in the string with a hammer. The most popular by far Instrument for use of this method is the piano, where the hammer is controlled by a mechanical action, another example is the hammered dulcimer, where the player holds the Hammer.
A variant of the hammering method is found in the clavichord: a brass tangent touches the string and presses it onto a hard surface, inducing Vibration. This method of sound production gives a smooth feel. The maneuver can be performed with one finger and plucked string instruments, guitar players in this Art as hammer-on. After the invention of electric guitar pickups could be played alone with hammer-ons. Since both hands are then used what is often called "Two-hand tapping. Guitar-/bass-like instruments are mainly produced for this purpose, such as the Bunker Touch Guitar, Chapman Stick, the Warr Guitar and Megatar.
Violin-family string instrument players also rely on occasion, the string with the side of the arc strike, a technique called col legno. This results a percussive sound with the pitch of the note. A known use of col legno for orchestral strings of Gustav Holst's "Mars" is movement of the planets suite.
You should be able to play drum beat.
Other methods
The aeolian harp employs a very unusual method of sound production: The strings are excited by the movement of air.
Some string instruments have keyboards attached which manipulated by the player, ie they do not have the attention pay to the strings directly. The best known example is the piano, where the keys the felt hammers controlled by a complex mechanical action. Other string instruments with a Keyboard include the clavichord (where the strings struck by tangents), and the harpsichord (where the strings are plucked by tiny Picks).
These Keys the strings are plucked or removed occasionally by hand. Composers such as Henry Cowell wrote music to reach for the player in the piano and pluck the strings directly or "Bug" bow hair wrapped them around the string, or play by rolling the bell of a brass instrument asks like a trumpet on the array of strings.
Other input string instruments, small enough to be held by a player walk among the plucked autoharp, bowed the nyckelharpa, hurdy gurdy and, by crank rosined one wheel is played.
Steel-stringed instruments (like guitar, bass, violin, etc.) can be played using a magnetic field. An E-Bow is a small hand-held battery-operated Device that can excite the strings of a guitar. It provides a sustained, singing tone on the string, the offset in magnetic oscillation.
3. Bridge is a Process is divided in the plucking of the string into two parts and beat on the side, the non-reinforced. The technique is based primarily on electric instruments used because these a pickup that have only reinforced the local string vibration. It is on acoustic instruments as possible, but less comfortable. For example, pressure on the 7th Fret of a guitar and tear at the head and a sound will resonate across the part. For electric instruments, this technique can generate multi-tone sounds a remniscent Clock or a bell.
String length or scale length
This is the length of the string from nut to bridge bowed or plucked instruments and ultimately determines the distance between different notes on the instrument. For example, a double bass with its low range requires a scale length of about 42 cm, while a violin scale only about 13 centimeters. On the shorter scale of the violin, the left hand can comfortably a large number of slightly more than two octaves without shifting position, while on the Bass "more Scale an octave or a ninth is reachable in lower positions.
Contact points along the string
The strings of a piano
In string instruments the arc is usually placed perpendicular to the string at a point halfway between the end of the fingerboard and the bridge. However, different bow placements selected Timbre change. The use of the bow near the bridge (known as sul ponticello) produces an intense, sometimes harsh sound, which acoustically emphasizes the upper harmonics. Tribute to the fingerboard (sul tasto) produces a cleaner sound with less overtones strength, emphasizing the fundamental, also known as Flautando because there is less reeds and flute sounds.
Similar phonetic differences are also possible with plucked by a corresponding plucking point, although the difference is perhaps subtle.
In Keys, the contact point on the string (whether this be hammer, tangent, or plectrum) is a choice made by the instrument designer. Use a garden Combination of experience and acoustic theory of law to establish the contact points.
In harpsichords, often there are two sets of strings of equal length. These "choirs" usually differ in their plucking points. A chorus has a "normal" plucking point producing a canonical harpsichord sound, and the other has a plucking near the bridge, producing a Reedie "nasal" sound rich in overtones.
Production of multiple notes
A string at a certain voltage and length is only one note (unanimity), then get several notes (polyphony), string instruments employ one of two methods. One is enough strings to add cover the range of notes desired, the other, so that the strings no more. The piano is an example of the first method, in which every note on the instrument has its own set of strings. For devices with strings reside, such as the violin or guitar, the player can shorten the vibrating length of the string with your fingers directly (Or more rarely by a mechanical device, as in the hurdy-gurdy). Such instruments are usually mounted in a fingerboard to the neck of the instrument, a hard, flat Surface against which the player can stop the strings. Some string instruments, the fingerboard has frets, raised ridges perpendicular to the strings that the string Stop at precise intervals, in which case the fret board is called a fingerboard.
Modern societies are usually specially shaped metal wire in the slots set into the fingerboard. Early societies were ropes around their necks, tied seen on some instruments like wraps of nylon monofilament. Such societies are established enough that they moved during the performance is bound impractical. The bridges of the koto, on the other hand, the player can be moved, sometimes in the course of a single Piece of music.
The Middle Eastern stringed instrument the Qanun, although it has many strings to give a selection of notes is equipped with small levers called Mandal, be tuned through the steps of each course of several strings on the fly "while playing the instrument. These levers raise or lower the pitch of course, by a string microtone, less than half a step. Similar mechanisms change the pitch of standard intervals (half steps) are many modern Western harps are used, either with your fingers moved (to Celtic harps) or under the control pedals (on orchestral harps).
Sympathetic strings
Main article: sympathetic string
Some devices are busy with sympathetic strings, other strings are not meant to be plucked. These strings vibrate with the notes played. This system, for example, currently on a sarangi.
Sound production
Acoustic instruments
See also: Musical Acoustics
It is sometimes said that the sound board or sound body "increase" the sound of the strings. Technically, no amplification occurs because the total energy to produce sound comes out of the vibrating string. What really happened, that the soundboard of the instrument provides a larger area, produce sound waves as the string. A larger vibrating surface moves more air, thus generating a tone.
Achieving a tonal characteristic that seek an effective and enjoyable for the players and the listener is something of an art, and the makers of stringed instruments often very high quality woods to this end, particularly spruce (chosen for its lightness, strength and flexibility) and maple (a very hard wood). The spruce is the sparring partner of instruments from the violin, used piano.
Acoustic instruments can be made from artificial materials, such as carbon fiber and fiberglass (particularly the larger instruments such as cellos and basses).
In the early 20th Century used the Stroh violin membrane resonator and a metal horn project of the string sound, similar to early mechanical gramophones. Its use was around 1920 at the beginning, such as electronic amplification came into use.
Electronic amplification
Most string instruments can be equipped with piezoelectric or magnetic pickups, the string vibrations into an electrical Signal that is amplified and then converted back into sound by loudspeakers converted. Some players take a pick to their traditional stringed instrument to "electrify" it. Another possibility is a solid-bodied instrument that reduces the use of unwanted feedback howls or squeals.
Amplified Strings can be much louder than their acoustic counterparts, which allows them to relatively loud rock, blues are used, and jazz ensembles. Amplified instruments can also strengthen its Sound by the use of electronic effects such as distortion, reverb, wah-wah or changed.
Register with bass string instruments such as bass and electric bass amplifier, Bass instrument designed to reproduce low frequency sounds are amplified. To change the sound amplified bass instruments, a number of electronic bass effects to Available, such as distortion and chorus.
See also
3. Bridge
List of string instruments
Luthier (maker of stringed instruments)
Musical Acoustics
Musical instrument
String instrument extends technology
String Instrument Repertoire
String Orchestra
Strings (music)
Vibrating string
External Links
The physics of string instruments
Mojo Hand Guitars – Custom Made Guitars
"Strings". Encyclopdia Britannica (11th Ed.). 1911th
Please help improve this article by quoting reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2008)
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Instrument intonation
Just Intonation in any key
Fretless stringed instrument pedal steel guitar Trombone human voice synthesizer
Dynamic intonation
Bonded String Instruments Wind Instruments
Just Intonation in a key
Bagpipe natural horn trumpet marine Long String Instrument Harmonica
Retunable key to a just
Keyboard instruments
Harmonic tones or
natural overtone series
Guqin n bu
Physical just intoned string
Part related to additional third Bridge
Monochord Pencilina Mood Swinger
Categories: String instrument Hidden categories: Articles lacking sources from January 2008 | All articles lacking sources
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